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AGE AND BEHAVIOR: SEX AND PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES

The data suggest that men and women past college age are similar in their problem-solving abilities. One study, however, found a sex difference. The men were superior, but this was so only in the 40s. The sexes were about equal in the 50s, with the women being superior in the 60s. Age changes and sex differences in cerebral circulation have been suggested as an important element in the decline.
What may be a new trend in the study of age and problem solving was seen in a series of studies making effort to train older people in the very areas they seem to have difficulties. The purpose of these studies is to demonstrate a plasticity that older people have that is not often seen in typical laboratory studies. These training studies, called "modification studies," have already shown much promise.
Problem solving, outside the laboratory, in the world of work and career, takes many forms. Over the course of many years, with extraordinary people, it takes the form of publically recognized creativity. If problem-solving ability declines with age, it might be expected that creativity does too. There is evidence that it does, but the evidence is more equivocal than that of laboratory problem solving because of alleged artifacts of method. For extremely high-quality work in the arts, sciences, and humanities, the age of peak production has been determined as 30-39 years, with gradual decline thereafter. A most important dimension to the reported decline in creativity with age is the great extent of individual variation. Many, many creative contributions throughout the ages have been made very late in life.
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