Generic Xenical (Orlistat, Xenical® equivalent)
Xenical is a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor used in the management of obesity in adult and adolescent patients age 12 and older. This medicine may be used during the weight loss phase or following weight loss to assist in weight management. Generic Xenical works by inhibiting the digestion of fats from the diet, and should be used with a reduced-calorie diet.
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120mg
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Drug Medical Information
AGE AND BEHAVIOR: LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE - HISTORICAL TRENDS: EPISODIC AND SEMANTIC INFORMATION
American psychology of the 1940s and 1950s was largely a psychology of learning. In the 1960s, the emphasis shifted to memory and, in the 1970s, to information processing. The shift, however, did not change the fact that the distinction between learning and memory is hard to make. It is hard because, according to Craik (1977), "'learning' and 'memory' must rely on the same underlying mechanism...."
A distinction is nevertheless made, largely because of convenience. Tulving (1972) suggested two categories of memory, one of which may be thought of as learning. Episodic memory, as the name may suggest, is memory for specific aspects of episodes, events, or items: "What words did you learn yesterday?" Memories based on such learning do not last long. If one of the words you learned was "table," there is no doubt that you know and will long remember the meaning of "table," but you may not remember that it was one of the words you learned. Remembering the meaning of "table" is called semantic memory, remembering that it was one of the words is episodic memory. Episodic memory is rote learning. Semantic memory involves meaningful organization of information and relating it to what is already known. Such processing makes for much longer-lasting memory.
Thus, much of American psychology of the 1940s and 1950s was of the episodic type—rote learning or stimulus-response learning. The 1960s emphasis on memory was also largely of this type but moving toward semantic memory studies. In the main, it was not until the 1970s, with emphasis on information processing, that semantic memory came under study. As the studies progressed from learning to memory to information processing, a greater role was given to the subject. In episodic memory studies, the subject is seen as a passive responder to stimulations directed to him. In semantic memory studies, the subject is active, organizing, integrating, working on what he finds in his environment.
The aging literature follows that of general psychology, and in following, there is now only a start to studies of semantic memory. This chapter, more than chapters 16, 17, and 18, is of episodic memory studies. The subject is relatively inactive and is governed more by the information to be learned and the experimental context than by what he does to this information.
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